Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a triple combination cream (hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone) for treatment of melasma in Middle Eastern skin

Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi,1,* Maede Sabet Nematzadeh,2,* Aniseh Styling cream Samadi,1 Azin Ayatollahi,1 Somayeh Yadangi,1 Christoph Abels,3 Alireza Firooz11Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; 3Dr.

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The Synthesis of Biphasic Metabolites of Carfentanil

Carfentanil is an ultra-potent synthetic opioid.The Russian police force used both Tailcomb carfentanil and remifentanil to resolve a hostage incident in Moscow.This reported use sparked an interest in the pharmacology and toxicology of carfentanil in the human body, and data on its metabolites were later published.However, there have been few stud

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A Cotyledon-based Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (Cotyledon-VIGS) approach to study specialized metabolism in medicinal plants

Abstract Background Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is widely used in plant functional genomics.However, the efficiency of VIGS in young plantlets varies across plant species.Additionally, VIGS is not optimized for many plant species, especially medicinal plants that produce valuable specialized metabolites.Results We evaluated the efficacy of

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